| 1901: |
Ibn Saud (Abd al-Aziz) captures Riyad. |
| 1901: |
French forces occupy Morocco. |
| 1904: |
Morocco becomes a French protectorate under
the Conference of Algeciras. |
| 1904: |
The Presian constitution is promoted. |
| 1905: |
The beginning of the Salafiyyah movement in
Paris with it's main sphere of influence in Egypt. |
| 1907: |
The beginning of the Young Turks movement
in Turkey. |
| 1912: |
The beginning of the Muhammadiyyah reform
movement in Indonesia. |
| 1914: |
Under Ottoman rule, secret Arab nationalist
societies are formed. |
| 1914: |
World War I. |
| 1916: |
Arab revolt against Ottoman (Turkish) rule.
Lawrence of Arabia leads attacks on the Hijaz Railway. |
| 1918: |
Armistice signed with Ottomans on October
30. |
| 1918: |
World War I ends on November 11. |
| 1918: |
Syria and Damascus become a French
protectorate. |
| 1921: |
Abd Allah bin Husayn in made King of
Transjordan. His father was the Sharif of Mecca. |
| 1921: |
Faysal bin Husayn is made King of Iraq. His
father was the Sharif of Mecca. |
| 1921: |
Abd al-Karim leads a revolt against
colonial rule in Moroccan Rif, and declares the "Republic of
the Rif". |
| 1922: |
Mustafa Kemal abolishes the Turkish
Sultanate. |
| 1924: |
The Turkish Caliphate is abolished. |
| 1924: |
King Abd al-Aziz conquers Mecca and Medina,
which leads to the unification of the Kingdoms of Najd and
Hijaz. |
| 1925: |
Reza Khan seizes the government in Persia
and establishes the Pahlavi dynasty. |
| 1926: |
Abd al-Aziz (Ibn Saud) assumes title of
King of Najd and Hijaz. |
| 1927: |
Death of Zaghlul, an Egyptian nationalist
leader. |
| 1928: |
Turkey is declared a secular state. |
| 1928: |
Hasan al-Banna founds the Muslim
Brotherhood. |
| 1932: |
Iraq granted independence by League of
Nations. |
| 1934: |
War between King Abd al-Aziz and Imam Yahya
of the Yemen. |
| 1934: |
Peace treaty of Ta'if. |
| 1934: |
Asir becomes part of Saudi Arabia. |
| 1935: |
Iran becomes the official name of Persia.
|
| 1936: |
Increased Jewish immigration provokes
widespread Arab-Jewish fighting in Palestine. |
| 1939: |
World War II. |
| 1941: |
British and Russian forces invade Iran and
Reza Shah is forced to abdicate in favor of his son Mohammad
Reza Shah in Iran. |
| 1943: |
Beginning of Zionist terrorist campaign in
Palestine. |
| 1945: |
End of World War II. |
| 1946: |
Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria are granted
independence from Britain and France. |
| 1947: |
Creation of Pakistan from Muslim Majority
area in India. |
| 1948: |
Creation of state of Israel. Arab armies
suffer defeat in war with Israel. |
| 1949: |
Hasan al-Banna, leader of the Muslim
Brotherhood, is assassinated. |
| 1951: |
Libya becomes independent. |
| 1952: |
King Faruq of Egypt forced to abdicate.
|
| 1953: |
General Zahedi leads coup against Musaddeq,
Shah returns to power. |
| 1953: |
Death of King Abd al-Aziz (Ibn Saud) of
Saudi Arabia. |
| 1953: |
The foundation stone is laid to enlarge the
Prophet's mosque in Medina. |
| 1956: |
Morocco becomes independent. |
| 1956: |
Tunisia becomes independent. |
| 1957: |
The Bey of Tunisia is deposed, and
Bourguiba becomes becomes president. |
| 1957: |
Enlargement of the Haram in Mecca begins.
|
| 1962: |
Algeria becomes independent. |
| 1962: |
Death of Zaydi Imam of Yemen (Ahmad). Crown
Prince Bahr succeds him and takes the title Imam Mansur Bi-Llah
Muhammad. |
| 1965: |
Malcom X is assassinated. |
| 1968: |
The enlargement of the Haram in Mecca is
completed. |
| 1969: |
King Idris of Libya is ousted by a coup led
by Colonel Qadhdhafi. |
| 1973: |
King Zahir Shah of Afghanistan is
overthrown. |
| 1975: |
Death of Elijah Mohammad, leader of Nation
of Islam among African Americans in North America. |
| 1975: |
Wallace Warith Deen Mohammad assumes
leadership of Nation of Islam and shifts movement toward
Islamic Orthodoxy renaming it American Muslim Mission. |
| 1978: |
Imam Musa Sadr is apparently assassinated
after he disappears on a trip to Libya. He was the religious
leader of the Lebanese Twelve-Imam Shi'ites. He promoted the
resurgence of Shi'ites in Lebanon and set the foundation of
Amal. |
| 1979: |
The Shah leaves Iran on January 15, thus
bringing the Pahlavi dynasty to an end. |
| 1979: |
On 1 Muharram AH 1400/21 November, the
first day of the 15th Islamic century, fanatics led by
students of the Theological University of Medina attempt to
promote one of their group as Mahdi and thus fulfill a
certain prophetic Hadith: "A man of the people of Medina
will go forth, fleeing to Mecca, and certain of the people
of Mecca will come to him and will lead him forth against
his will and swear fealty to him between the rukn (Black
Stone corner of the Kabah) and the Maqam Ibrahim." They hold
the Haram of Mecca against the army for two weeks.
Sixty-three of the 300 fanatics are captured alive, the
mosque is recovered, and the conspirators are all put to
death. |
| 1980: |
Beginning of the Iran-Iraq war. |
| 1989: |
Iran-Iraq comes to an end with much loss of
life. |
| 1990: |
Military annexation of Kuwait by Iraq,
under Ba'athist leader Saddam Hussain, is reversed in 1991
by a coalition of United States-led forces. |
