Chapter 1:
Christian-Muslim Dialogue
"Come now, and let
us reason together, saith the LORD"
Isaiah 1:18
Christians believe that Jesus (pbuh) came to
teach all of mankind the religion of God and to show them the
path to salvation. All mankind is therefore required to follow
his message and only those who believe in the crucifixion and
the redemption will be saved. They believe that the Jews are
also required to convert to Christianity since Jesus was sent to
them, therefore, they are the most qualified people to recognize
the word of God and the signs of Jesus (pbuh) to be found in
their own book. Most Jews, on the other hand, tell us that Jesus
(pbuh) was not a messenger of God, but rather a false prophet, a
sorcerer, an offspring of adulterers, and many other
allegations. They claim that there are no prophesies of Jesus (pbuh)
in their book and that he was not the promised Messiah/Christ
(anointed one). Their Messiah is yet to come. For this reason,
they claim that they are not required by God to follow Jesus (pbuh)
and were justified in killing him.
Muslims believe in both Moses and
Jesus (pbut) as true prophets of God. We believe that both Moses
and Jesus as well as Noah, Abraham, Jacob,
and all the rest of the prophets of God were all truthful
messengers as well as faithful and faultless servants of Allah
Almighty. We also believe in the miracles of Jesus (pbuh),
including his miraculous birth. Muslims believe that each time a
messenger of God would pass away, mankind would begin to slowly
fall back upon their evil deeds until they had managed to
corrupt His original message. When this would happen, God
Almighty would send a new prophet to renew His original message
to these people and return them to the straight path. In this
manner, the true message of Allah would always be available to
all those who searched for it until the day of judgment. This
can be seen in the Bible in such verses as Matthew 5:17-18 we
read:
"Think not that I (Jesus) am come to
destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but
to fulfill. For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth
pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law,
till all be fulfilled, Fulfillment of
Law of Moses."
The Jews know God as "Elohiym" or "Yahweh."
The Christians know Him as "God," or "Father," or "Jehovah,"
etc.. Muslims know him as "Allah" (and more than 99 other
venerable names). Muslims believe that Allah Almighty did not
send down many messages to mankind but only one: The religion of
submission to His will, the uniqueness of Himself, and the
knowledge that He is the only one worthy of worship. The details
of the religion were molded to suite each individual people, but
the message was one message: "Allah is One. Worship Him
alone!" This is made apparent in the verse of Aal-Umran(3):84 which states that which means:
"Say (O Muhammad): We believe in Allah, and
that which is sent down unto us, and that which was revealed
unto Abraham, and Ishmael, and Isaac,
and Jacob, and the sons of Jacob, and that which was
vouchsafed unto Moses and Jesus and the Prophets
from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them and
unto Him we have surrendered."
Also, in Al-Nisaa(5):138 we read that which
means
"O you who believe! Believe in Allah and
His messenger, and the Scripture (Qur'an) which he has revealed
unto His messenger, and the Scripture which He revealed
aforetime. Whosoever disbelieves in Allah and His angels and His
Scriptures and His messengers and the last day, he verily has
wandered far astray."
Muslims are told in the Qur'an that the
unscrupulous few had managed to pervert the words of God
Almighty sent down to Jesus (pbuh) and the previous prophets
after the passing of their prophets. The well meaning masses
were then misled by what was claimed to be 100% the
"inspiration" of God. The changes made by these people have
resulted in countless contradictions between the verses. As we
shall soon see, these contradictions and changes have been well
recognized and documented in the West for centuries now.
However, their actions have been excused because they are
assumed to have been well meaning and were only trying to
clarify that which was obscure and so forth when they changed
the word of God (See chapter 2). Whatever their motives, these
apologists forget the command of Deuteronomy 4:2
"Ye shall not add unto the word which I
command you, neither shall ye diminish ought from it, that ye
may keep the commandments of the LORD your God."
The liberties mankind has taken with God's
previous scriptures is one of the reasons why God sent down the
Qur'an as His last message to mankind and took it upon Himself
this time to personally preserve it for all time from corruption
or modification
Professor Arthur J. Arberry writes:
"Apart from certain orthographical
modifications of the originally somewhat primitive method of
writing, intended to render unambiguous and easy the task of
reading the recitation, the Koran (Qur'an) as printed in the
twentieth century is identical with the Koran as authorized by
Uthman more than 1300 years ago."
On the other hand, Mr. C.G. Tucker says:
"...Thus Gospels were produced which
clearly reflected the conception of the practical needs of the
community for which they were written. In them the traditional
material was used, but there was no hesitation in altering it or
making additions to it, or in leaving out what did not serve the
writer's purpose."
"The history of the Christians in the light of
modern knowledge," C. G. Tucker, p. 320
Mr. C.J. Cadoux has the following to say in
his book "The life of Jesus" :
"In the four Gospels, therefore, the main
documents to which we must go if we are to fill-out at all that
bare sketch which we can put together from other sources, we
find material of widely differing quality as regards
credibility. So far-reaching is the element of uncertainty that
it is tempting to 'down tools' at once, and to declare the task
hopeless. The historical inconsistencies and improbabilities in
parts of the Gospels form some of the arguments advanced in
favor of the Christ-myth theory. These are, however, entirely
outweighed- as we have shown- by other considerations. Still the
discrepancies and uncertainties that remain are serious- and
consequently many moderns who have no doubt whatever of Jesus'
real existence, regard as hopeless any attempt to dissolve out
of the historically-true from the legendary or mythical matter
which the Gospels contain, and to reconstruct the story of
Jesus' mission out of the more historical residue."
Reverend Dr. Davies says:
"But to come to realities, no serious
modern scholar believes that the speeches appearing in the New
Testament are verbatim records of what the speaker said. Even as
conservative a scholar as Headlam has to admit that the speeches
are 'in a sense' - he does not say what sense - the author's
'own composition.' ... Schmidel, in his article on Acts in the
Encyclopedia Biblica, says unreservedly that 'it is without
doubt that the author constructed [the speeches] in each case
according to his own conception of the situation.' Schweitzer
thinks the speeches in Acts may be 'based upon traditions of
speeches ... actually delivered, but in the form in which we
have them they doubtless belong to the author of Acts and are
adapted to his representation of the facts," Rev. Davies goes on
to quote Thucydides who admits that "..[assigning fictitious
speeches to Biblical characters] was the universal ancient
custom."
"The First Christian," Reverend Dr. Davies,
pp. 23-24
Prof. J.R. Drummelow says:
"A copyist would sometimes put in not what
was in the text, but what he thought ought to be in it. He would
trust a fickle memory, or he would make the text accord with the
views of the school to which he belonged. In addition to the
versions and quotations from the Christian Fathers, nearly four
thousand Greek MSS of the Testament, were known to exist. As a
result , the variety of reading is considerable."
"Commentary on the Holy Bible," page 16
Not long after my arrival in the United
States, I had the pleasure of meeting a Christian gentleman who
shall henceforth be referred to only as Mr. J. Unlike this lowly
author, Mr. J. is a "professional" Christian. He also has a
history of strong evangelical activity, at least with the Muslim
students of our university. Mr. J made himself known to us
through written letters to us, calls to our Muslim chaplain, and
his appearance before us on other occasions wherein he called
upon us to believe in Jesus (pbuh) and to accept his sacrifice.
Mr. J. had sent our Muslim chaplain and myself books with many
allegations against the Qur'an and a general condemnation of it.
A series of friendly discussions ensued between us and we have
since come to know each other quite well and have managed to
remain friendly and outgoing towards one another even with our
differing beliefs. However, the fact that this author is not a
professional religious person or a professional preacher, but
rather a simple science student, has made it necessary to
schedule these matters around other more immediate scholarly
concerns. It was first and foremost the will of Allah, then the
continuous efforts of Mr. J., his claims regarding Islam, and
his sincere efforts to convert me and grant me salvation which
compelled me to step up my research of the Bible and the Qur'an
and ultimately, publish this book. I therefore thank Allah
Almighty that he sent Mr. J. to me as a blessing from Himself
for me, and hopefully for many others.
Before this book was written, I had published
a series of articles in a local publication which had been
progressing slowly from exhibiting some of the more minor
examples of human modification to the Bible, such as the fact
that the authors of the Bible are not who they claim to be, and
had been working up to more fundamental issues. Mr. J asked us
to publish his counter viewpoint in our publication and we
accepted.
Mr. J believed that the examples of
contradictory statements in the Bible which we had been jointly
discussing did not in any way affect the founding beliefs of
Christianity (see examples in chapter two). He provided me with
literature by men such as Mr. F.F. Bruce stating such things as
"....Does it matter whether the New
Testament documents are reliable or not? Is it so very important
that we should be able to accept them as truly historical
records?"
and also"......the story of Jesus as it has
come down to us may be myth or legend, but the teaching ascribed
to him- whether he was actually responsible for it or not - has
a value all it's own," and so forth.
Muslims know for a fact that Jesus (pbuh)
was neither a myth nor a legend but a true prophet of God, but
we do feel that an inspired book of God should contain no
contradictions, historical or otherwise. For this reason we do
not believe that his book has reached us as it was originally
submitted by him.
Mr. J believes that such matters as knowing
the true authors of the books of the Bible are not crucial to a
Christian's faith and challenged us to prove that a Christian's
basic faith is at all in error and not the same message
preached by Jesus 2000 years ago. In compliance with his
request, he was sent four very brief questions concerning the
founding beliefs of Christianity. He was then asked to provide
carefully researched and weighed answers to these questions.
These four questions are presented below. They have been
slightly modified in this book in order to ensure that they are
as clear as possible. The basic questions, however, remain the
same:
- IS THERE A TRINITY?
If so then please present us with as many Biblical references
as you possibly can and briefly explain it's fundamental
concept. What I mean by this question is: Is God one, period?
Or is God three, period? Or is He some combination of one and
three? Please write down a brief but clear description of the
nature of the Trinity and the exact relationship of each of
it's three members to one-another. Please do not move on until
you have done so since your definition shall have to stand up
to the test of the Bible and be endorsed rather than refuted
by the Biblical verses we shall be studying throughout this
book.
- Is the great and faithful messenger of
Allah, Jesus the son of Mary (peace be upon them both), the
PHYSICAL SON OF ALLAH OR NOT? If he is, then give us as
many biblical references as you possibly can. If not then why
does the majority of Christendom believe that he is the
physical/begotten/sired son of Allah?
- Did Jesus (pbuh) HIMSELF ever say
in the Bible "I am a god!," or "Worship me!"? If so then give
us as many Biblical references as possible. If not, then why
does the majority of Christendom believe that he is a god (not
a mortal), and the son of? Jesus (pbuh) is invoked daily as
God to forgive sins, cast out devils, and generally sought
after in prayer. UPON WHO'S AUTHORITY do Christians
believe that Jesus (pbuh) is God? Jesus (pbuh) himself or
others? Give as many references as possible.
- If it can be proven, through the Bible,
that Jesus (pbuh) is not God, nor the physical/begotten/sired
son of God, neither is there any Trinity, then
will this prove that the unscrupulous few have corrupted the
word of God or not?
"Faith" is without a doubt one of the most
basic and fundamental ingredients in the doctrine of any
religious belief. However, when you wish someone to believe in a
given fundamental doctrine which you propose, it is first
necessary to prove the validity of your assertion before you can
ask that person to "have faith." In other words, faith is indeed
important, however, it can not precede the proof. Once the proof
has been established, only then can faith come into play. This
is indeed what prophet Jesus (pbuh) taught his followers during
his lifetime. Jesus (pbuh) did not simply show up before the
Jews one day and demand that the Pharisees, Sadducees, and
everyone else accept him without proof. Rather, he performed
many miracles for them and at the same time reasoned with them
and used logic to convince them. The Bible is full of examples
of how Jesus (pbuh) would go out of his way to explain things to
his followers, reason with them and prove his case to them.
Obviously, when we ask for proof that a given
person taught a given doctrine, the very first place to look for
proof of this claim is the words of that person himself. If I
believe that Jesus (pbuh) taught a given fundamental doctrine
such as the Trinity, the "Son of God," the "original sin," or
the "atonement," then not only would I be justified in expecting
him to have mentioned it at least once throughout his whole
ministry, but I would expect him to have spoken of practically
nothing else. For this reason, the above four questions have
been proposed in order to arrive at the command of Jesus (pbuh).
If Jesus did indeed ever command that I should worship a Trinity
or that I should believe that he is God, then I would expect him
to say so clearly at least once in his whole life. If he says it
at least once then others shall be justified in repeating it a
thousand times. However, I want to first know ...
What did Jesus really say?
The Bible says:
"Jesus answered and said unto him, If a man
love me, he will keep my words: and my Father will love him, and
we will come unto him, and make our abode with him."
John 14:23
Jesus (peace be upon him) clearly outlines
here that it is his words that we must keep and
that shall lead to the love of God. Naturally, I wish to know
what Jesus said so that I might follow his command, and his
alone. Every one else's words without exception shall then be
either accepted or rejected based upon their conformance to the
words of the great and pious messenger of Allah, Jesus the son
of Mary. Does this sound fair?
The Christian world has performed a very
admirable job in providing us with Bibles in practically every
size, language, shape and color. Among these Bibles are the
series of Bibles titled the "Red letter editions." These Bibles
are set apart from more conventional Bibles in that the words of
Jesus are distinguished from the rest of the text by writing
them in red ink. This makes the process of locating the words of
Jesus and differentiating them from those of everyone else much
simpler for the reader. Our goal in this book is to find
evidence in the RED
ink of where Jesus (pbuh) himself ever
taught mankind any of the fundamental concepts of the religion
which has been attributed to him and which is named
"Christianity". We shall see in what follows that whenever
someone tries to validate such doctrines they always attempt to
do so with the words in the BLACK ink and never
the ones in RED
ink.
Muslims are told in the Qur'an that Jesus (pbuh)
was one of the most pious and elect messengers of God Almighty
for all time. However, we are also told that he was not himself
a god, nor the physical son of God. We read in
the Qur'an:
"And when Allah said: O Jesus, son of Mary!
Did you say unto mankind: Take me and my mother for two gods
beside Allah?* he said: Be You glorified. It was not
mine to utter that to which I had no right. If I used to say it,
then You knew it. You know what is in my [innermost] self but I
know not what is in Yours. Truly! You, only You are the Knower
of things hidden. I spoke unto them only that which You
commanded me, (saying): Worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord,
and I was a witness over them while I dwelt among them, and when
You took me You were the Watcher over them, and You are Witness
over all things."
The noble Qur'an, Al-Maidah(5):116-118
Obviously, both claims can not be true. Either
Jesus (pbuh) did indeed command mankind to worship him or he did
not. Since my level of knowledge of the words of the Bible
obviously can not compare with that of Mr. J., therefore, I was
hoping that he could demonstrate to me where Jesus actually said
any of these things. Since the issues of the Trinity, the Son of
God, the original sin, and the atonement comprise the most
fundamental differences in belief between the Islamic and
Christian faith, therefore, I had hoped that in answering these
four very brief questions it might be possible to once and for
all arrive at the true command of Jesus. Mr. J's response
follows:
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