In the name
of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful |
SECTION: 1
O believers! Fulfil your contract obligations. All four-legged
animals from livestock are lawful to you other than those which
are hereby announced. However do not violate the prohibition of
hunting while you are in Ihrăm (Hajj dress). Indeed Allah
orders whatever He pleases.[1] O believers! Do not violate the
sanctity of the Symbols of Allah: the Sacred Month , the animals
brought for sacrifice, the garlands that mark such animals, and
those people visiting the Sacred House (Ka'bah) to seek
the grace and good pleasure of their Rabb. When you put off your
Ihrăm (pilgrimage is over) then you are allowed to hunt.
Let not the hatred of some people - who once hindered you from
the Sacred Mosque - incite you to commit transgression.
Cooperate with one another in righteousness and piety, and do
not cooperate in sin and transgression. Have fear of Allah.
Allah is stern in punishment.[2]
5:[1-2] |
Fulfill your obligations
Cooperate in piety and not in transgression |
You are forbidden to eat the meat of any
animal that dies by itself (dead body), blood, the
flesh of swine (pork) and that on which any name other
than Allah's has been invoked; also that which is strangled to
death , killed by a violent blow, killed by a headlong fall and
of those beaten or gored to death; and that which has been
partly eaten by a wild animal unless you are able to slaughter
it before its death; also that which is sacrificed on altars or
is divided by raffling of arrows. All these are sinful acts.
Today the unbelievers have given up all their hope of
vanquishing your religion. Have no fear of them, fear Me. Today
I have perfected your religion for you, completed my favor upon
you and approved Al-Islam as a Deen (way of life for you).
Anyone who is compelled by hunger to eat what is forbidden, not
intending to commit sin, will find Allah Forgiving, Merciful.[3]
5:[3] |
Harăm
- (Forbidden) meat
Al-Islam is declared to be the complete and perfect Deen (way of
life) |
They ask you what food is lawful for them,
say: All good clean things are lawful for you, as well as what
you have taught your hunting birds and beasts to catch, trained
by you with the knowledge given to you by Allah. Eat what they
catch and hold for you, however, pronounce the name of Allah
over it. Have fear of Allah. Allah is swift in settling the
accounts.[4] Today all good clean things have been made lawful
for you; and the food of the People of the Book is also made
lawful for you and your food is made lawful for them. Likewise,
marriage with chaste free believing women and also chaste women
among the People who were given the Book before you is made
lawful for you, provided that you give them their dowries and
desire chastity, neither committing fornication nor taking them
as mistresses. Anyone who commits Kufr with Imăn (rejects the
rules provided by faith), all his good deeds will be in vain
and in the Hereafter he will be one of the losers.[5]
5:[4-5] |
All
good and clean things are made lawful
The food of the People of the Book is made lawful and marriage
with their women is permitted |
SECTION: 2
O believers! When you rise up for Salah (prayer), wash
your faces and your hands as far as the elbows, wipe your heads
with wet hands and wash your feet to the ankles. If you
had an emission of semen, then take a full bath. However, if you
are sick or on a journey or you have used the toilet or you had
intercourse with your women (your wives) and you do not
find any water then resort to Tayammüm - find clean soil and rub
your faces and hands with it. Allah does not wish to burden you;
He only wishes to purify you and to perfect His favor upon you,
so that you may be thankful.[6]
5:[6] |
Order for making wudhu (ablution)
Permission of Tayammüm |
Remember Allah’s favor to you and the
covenant which He ratified with you when you said: “We hear and
we obey." Have fear of Allah; surely Allah knows the secrets of
your hearts.[7] O believers! Be steadfast for the sake of Allah
and bear true witness and let not the enmity of a people incite
you to do injustice; do justice; that is nearer to piety. Fear
Allah, surely Allah is fully aware of all your actions.[8] Allah
has promised those who believe and do good deeds that for them
there is forgiveness and mighty reward.[9] As for those who
reject faith and deny Our revelations, they will be the
companions of hellfire.[10] O believers! Also remember Allah’s
favor which He recently bestowed upon you when He restrained the
hands of those who sought to harm you (Jewish plan to kill
the Prophet and eminent companions through an invitation to a
dinner which Allah informed him not to attend). Have fear of
Allah; and in Allah let the believers put their trust.[11]
5:[7-11] |
Stand
as a true witness and establish justice
The plot of the Jews to kill the Prophet and his eminent
companions |
SECTION: 3
Allah did in fact make a covenant with the Children of Israel
and appointed twelve chieftains from among them and said: “I am
with you; if you establish Salah (prayers) pay Zakah,
believe in My Rasools, support them and give a generous loan to
Allah (spend in charity), I will certainly forgive you
your sins and admit you to gardens beneath which rivers flow.
However, if any one of you, after this, violates this covenant,
he will indeed go astray from the Right Way."[12] Even after
that, they broke their covenant; as a result, We laid on them
Our curse and hardened their hearts. They tampered with words
out of their context and neglected much of what they were
enjoined. You will always find most of them deceitful except for
a few of them. Yet forgive them and overlook their misdeeds.
Allah loves those who are kind to others.[13]
5:[12-13]
|
Salah and Zakah were obligatory for the Jews also
The Jews' habit of being deceitful |
Likewise, We also made a covenant with those
who call themselves Christians, but they too have neglected much
of what they were enjoined. As a result, We stirred among them
enmity and hatred, which will last till the Day of Resurrection
and soon Allah will inform them all of what they have done.[14]
O people of the Book (Jews and Christians)! Now Our
Rasool has come to you to reveal much of what you have concealed
from the Holy Books and to pass over much which is no longer
necessary. There has come to you from Allah a new Light and
a clear Book,[15] with which Allah will guide to the ways of
peace all those who seek His good pleasure and bring them out of
the depth of darkness into the light of His grace and guide them
to the Right Way.[16]
5:[14-16] |
Christians too have neglected most of their Book
Jews and Christians are commanded to embrace Islam |
Indeed those have committed Kufr (rejected
faith) who said, “God is the Messiah, son of Maryam." O
Muhammad, ask them, “Who has the power to prevent Allah if
He chose to destroy the Messiah, the son of Maryam, his mother
and all that is in the earth? Allah has the sovereignty over the
heavens and the earth and all that is between them. He creates
what He pleases and has power over everything."[17]
5:[17] |
Jesus, son of Mary, is not God or son of God |
The Jews and the Christians say: “We are the
children of Allah and His beloved ones." Ask them, “Why then
does He punish you for your sins? Nay! In fact you are human
beings like others which He has created. He forgives whom He
pleases and He punishes whom He pleases. To Allah belongs the
sovereignty of the heavens and the earth and all that is between
them, and to Him is the final refuge."[18] O people of the Book!
Indeed Our Rasool has now come to you making clear to you the
teaching of the Right Way, after a long break in the series of
the Rasools, so that you may not be able to say, “No one has
come to give us good news or to warn us." Now someone has come
to give you good news and warn you so listen to him.
Allah has power over everything.[19]
5:[18-19] |
False
claim of Jews and Christians of being the children of God
An invitation to Jews and Christians to become Muslims
|
SECTION: 4
Ponder upon the incident when Musa said to his people: “O my
people! Remember the favors which Allah has bestowed upon you.
He has raised Prophets from among you, made you kings and gave
you that which had not been given to anyone in the worlds."[20]
“O my people! Enter the holy land which Allah has assigned for
you. Do not turn back, because if you do, you will become
losers."[21] They said: “O Musa! A nation of giants live in
there, we will not set our foot in it until they leave. As soon
as they leave we will be ready to enter."[22] Thereupon two
Allah-fearing men upon whom Allah had bestowed His Grace said:
“Attack directly at the city gate, once you enter it, you will
surely be victorious. Put your trust in Allah if you are really
believers."[23] They replied, “O Musa! We will never enter it so
long as they remain therein. Therefore, both you and your Rabb
should go and fight, we will stay here."[24] Hearing this Musa
prayed, “O my Rabb! I have no control over anyone except myself
and my brother. Please, set us apart from these disobedient
people."[25] Allah responded, “Very well, they are forbidden
this land for forty years, during this time they will wander
homeless on the earth, so do not grieve for these disobedient
people."[26]
5:[20-26] |
Behavior of the Jews with their own Prophet Musa (Moses)
Curse of Allah on the Jews for 40 years |
SECTION: 5
Recite to them in all truth the story of Adam's two sons: How
each offered a sacrifice, and how the offering of one was
accepted while that of the other was not. The latter said: “I
will kill you." The former replied: “Allah only accepts the
sacrifice from the righteous.[27] Even if you stretch your hand
to kill me, I shall not stretch my hand to slay you, for I fear
Allah, the Rabb of the worlds.[28] I intend to let you bear the
burden of my sins as well as yours and thus become an inmate of
the Fire which is the reward for wrongdoers."[29] The latter's
soul prompted him to kill his brother; he killed him and thus
became one of the losers.[30] (He carried around the dead
body of his brother and did not know what to do with it.)
Then Allah sent a raven, which dug the ground to show him how to
bury the dead body of his brother. "Alas!" He cried, “I failed
even to be like this raven to find some way to dispose of
the dead body of my brother!” So he became full of regrets.[31]
5:[27-31] |
Story of Adam's sons, one of whom committed the sin of murder
|
On account of that incident, We ordained for
the Children of Israel that whoever kills a person, except as a
punishment for murder or mischief in the land, it will be
written in his book of deeds as if he had killed all the human
beings on the surface of the Earth and whoever will save
a life shall be regarded as if he gave life to all the human
beings on the surface of the Earth. Yet, even though Our
Rasools came to them one after the other with clear revelations,
it was not long before, many of them committed excesses in the
land.[32]
5:[32] |
Decree of Allah regarding the killing of a human being
|
The punishment for those who wage war against
Allah and His Rasool and strive to create mischief in the land
is death or crucifixion or the cutting off their hands and feet
from opposite sides or exile from the land based on the
gravity of their offense. This will be their humiliation in
this world and in the Hereafter they will have grievous
punishment,[33] except those who repent before you apprehend
them, in such a case, you should know that Allah is
Forgiving, Merciful.[34]
5:[33-34] |
Punishment of waging war against Allah and His Rasool
|
SECTION: 6
O believers! Fear Allah and seek the means to be closer to Him
and make Jihăd (struggle) in His Way so that you may be
successful.[35] As for those who are unbelievers, if they have
everything that the earth contains or twice as much to offer as
a ransom to redeem themselves from the punishment of the Day of
Resurrection, it will not be accepted from them and they shall
have a painful punishment.[36] They will desire to get out of
the fire but will not be able to do so and they shall have an
everlasting punishment.[37]
5:[35-37] |
Jihăd
is the way to success
No ransom will save the unbelievers from the punishment
|
Male or female, whoever is guilty of theft,
cut off the hand (that was used in theft) of either of
them as a punishment for their crime. This is exemplary
punishment ordained by Allah. Allah is Mighty, Wise.[38] But
whoever repents after committing the crime and reforms his
conduct, Allah will surely turn to him with forgiveness. Allah
is Forgiving, Merciful.[39] Don’t you know that Allah has
sovereignty over the heavens and the earth? He may punish whom
He pleases and forgive whom He pleases. Allah has power over
everything.[40]
5:[38-40] |
Punishment for the crime of theft |
O Rasool! Do not grieve for those who plunge
headlong into unbelief; those who say with their tongues: We
believe, but have no faith in their hearts; and do not grieve
for those Jews, who listen to lies and spy for other people
who had never come to you. They tamper with the words of Allah
and take them out of their context and say: “If you are given
such and such commandment, accept it; but if it is other than
this, reject it." If Allah intends to put anyone to trial, you
have no authority in the least to save him from Allah. Such
people are those whose hearts Allah does not desire to purify;
they will have humiliation in this world and a grievous
punishment in the Hereafter.[41] That is because they
listen to falsehood and eat what is forbidden. Therefore, if
they come to you with their cases, you may judge between
them or refuse to do so. Even if you refuse, they will not be
able to harm you the least, but if you do act as a judge, judge
between them with fairness, for Allah loves those who judge with
fairness.[42] But why do they come to you for Judgment when they
have the Taurăt which contains Allah’s commandments? Yet they
turn back after that. In fact, they are not true believers.[43]
5:[41-43] |
Do
not provide lip-service; be True believers
If Allah intends to punish, the Rasool cannot save |
SECTION: 7
Indeed We revealed the Taurăt to Moses, in which there is
guidance and light: By its laws, all the Prophets, who were
Muslims, judged those who call themselves Jews and so did the
rabbis and jurists of law. They were entrusted the protection of
Allah’s Book and they themselves were witnesses. Have no fear of
people; fear Me, and do not sell My revelations for a petty
price: those who do not judge by the law which Allah has
revealed, are indeed kafirs (unbelievers).[44] We
ordained in Taurăt for them: “A life for a life, an eye for an
eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, a tooth for a tooth
and for a wound an equal retaliation." But if anyone remits the
retaliation by way of charity it will be an act of atonement for
him; those who do not judge by the law which Allah has revealed,
they are the wrongdoers.[45]
5:[44-45] |
Laws of Taurăt (Torah)
Those who do not judge by the laws of Allah :
a) They are unbelievers
b) They are wrongdoers |
Then in the footsteps of those Prophets, We
sent Isa (Jesus) the son of Maryam (Mary)
confirming whatever remained intact from the Taurăt in his time,
and gave him the Injeel (Gospel) wherein was guidance and
light, corroborating what was revealed in the Taurăt; a guidance
and an admonition to those who fear Allah.[46] Therefore, let
the people who follow the Injeel (Gospel) judge by the
Law which Allah has revealed therein; those who do not judge by
the Law which Allah has revealed, they are the
transgressors.[47]
5:[46-47] |
c) They are transgressors |
To you, O Muhammad, We have revealed
this Book with the truth. It confirms whatever has remained
intact in the scriptures which came before it and also to
safeguard it. Therefore, judge between people according to
Allah’s revelations and do not yield to their vain desires,
diverging from the truth which has come to you. We have ordained
a law and a Way of life for each of you. If Allah wanted He
could have made all of you a single nation. But He willed
otherwise in order to test you in what He has given you;
therefore try to excel one another in good deeds. Ultimately you
all shall return to Allah; then He will show you the truth of
those matters in which you dispute.[48] So, O Muhammad,
pronounce Judgment among them according to the law which Allah
has revealed and do not follow their vain desires, and beware of
them lest they tempt you away from a part of that which Allah
has revealed to you. If they reject your Judgment, then know
that it is Allah’s wish to scourge them for some of their sins.
In fact most of the people are transgressors.[49] By
rejecting the Divine Law do they wish to be judged by the
laws of ignorance? Who is a better Judge than Allah for those
who believe in Him?[50]
5:[48-50] |
Diversity of human race
Establish justice based on Allah's revelations |
SECTION: 8
O believers! Take neither Jews nor Christians as your protecting
friends: they are only protecting friends of one another.
Whoever of you disobeys this commandment will be counted as one
of them. Surely Allah does not guide the wrongdoers.[51] You see
that those who have the disease of hypocrisy in their hearts
move around in their camp saying: “We fear lest a turn of
fortune strike us." But soon when Allah gives you victory or a
decision according to His will, they will regret for what they
are hiding in their hearts.[52] At that time the believers will
say: “Are these the same people who solemnly swore by Allah that
they would stand beside you?” As a result all their deeds will
be voided and they will become losers.[53]
5:[51-53] |
Do
not take Jews or Christians as your protectors |
O believers! Whoever among you renounce
Islam, let them do so; soon Allah will replace them with
others whom He will love and they will love Him, who will be
humble towards the believers, mighty against the unbelievers,
striving hard in the way of Allah, and will have no fear of
reproach from any critic. Now this is the grace of Allah which
He bestows on whom He pleases. Allah has boundless
knowledge.[54] Your real protecting friends are Allah, His
Rasool, and the fellow believers - the ones who establish Salah,
pay Zakah and bow down humbly before Allah.[55] Whoever
makes Allah, His Rasool and the fellow believers his protecting
friends, must know that Allah’s party will surely be
victorious.[56]
5:[54-56] |
Your protecting friends are: Allah, His Rasool, and your fellow
believers |
SECTION: 9
O believers! Do not make your protecting friends those, from
among the people who were given the Book before you and the
unbelievers, who have made your religion a mockery or pastime,
fear Allah if you are true believers.[57] When you call for
Salah (prayers) they make it as an object of mockery and
pastime; this is because they are a people devoid of
understanding.[58] Tell them: “O people of the Book! What makes
you against us other than that we believe in Allah and in what
has been revealed to us and what was revealed before? The fact
is that most of you are rebellious transgressors."[59] Ask them:
“Should I tell you of those who will have even worse than this
in retribution from Allah? They are those whom Allah has cursed;
who have incurred His wrath; some of whom were turned into apes
and pigs; who worshipped Tăghüt (forces of Shaităn);
these are worse in rank and far more astray from the Right
Way.”[60]
5:[57-60] |
Do not befriend those people who make a mockery of your religion
|
When they come to you they say: “We believe”.
But in fact, unbelievers they came and unbelievers they depart.
Allah knows fully well what they hide in their hearts.[61] You
will see many of them try to beat each other in sin and rancor,
and they consume what is unlawful. Evil indeed is what they
do.[62] Why don’t their Rabbis and the Jurists of laws forbid
them from uttering sinful words and eating unlawful things? Evil
indeed are their deeds.[63] The Jews say: Allah’s hand is tied
up! - Nay! Their own hands will be tied up and they will be
cursed for what they utter. Both of His hands are free; However,
He spends as He pleases. The fact is that the revelations that
have come to you from Allah will surely make many of them
increase in their wickedness and unbelief. We have stirred among
them enmity and hatred till the Day of Resurrection. Every time
they kindle the fire of war, Allah extinguishes it. Now they are
striving to spread mischief in the land. Allah does not love
those who do mischief.[64] If instead of this rebellious
attitude the people of the Book had believed and become
Godfearing, We would certainly have removed their iniquities and
admitted them to the gardens of Bliss (Paradise).[65] If
they would have observed the Laws of Taurăt and the Injeel (Gospel)
and other Revelations which were sent to them from their Rabb,
they would have certainly enjoyed abundance from above and from
beneath. Though there are some among them on the moderate
course; yet most of them do nothing but evil.[66]
5:[61-66] |
Jews'
deceiving behavior
Jews' slandering Allah
If only the people of the Book had believed, they could have had
best of both worlds |
SECTION: 10
O Rasool! Deliver the message which has been revealed to you
from your Rabb, and if you do not, you are not doing justice to
your mission. Allah will protect you from the mischief of the
people. Rest assured that Allah will not let the unbelievers
succeed against you.[67] Tell them: O people of the Book!
You have no ground to stand on unless you observe the Taurăt (Torah),
Injeel (Gospel) and other revelations that have come to
you from your Rabb. This revelation (The Qur'an) which
has come to you from your Rabb will surely increase the
rebellion and disbelief of many of them but you should not
grieve for the disbelievers.[68] Rest assured that the believers
(Muslims), the Jews, the Sabians and the Christians -
whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day and does righteous
deeds - will have nothing to fear or to regret.[69]
5:[67-69] |
The Rasool's mission is to deliver Allah's Message |
Certainly We took a covenant from the
Children of Israel and sent them Rasools. Whenever there came to
them a Rasool with a message that did not suit their fancies,
either they called him an impostor or they put him to death.[70]
They thought no affliction would follow; so they acted blind and
deaf. Yet Allah, in extreme mercy, accepted their repentance,
but again many acted blind and deaf towards the message of
Allah. Allah is observant of their actions.[71]
5:[70-71] |
Attitude of the Jews towards the Rasools |
Certainly they have disbelieved who say:
“Allah is Christ the son of Maryam (Mary)." While Christ
himself said: “O children of Israel! Worship Allah, my Rabb and
your Rabb." Whoever commits shirk (joins partners with Allah),
Allah will deny him the paradise, and the hellfire will be his
home. There will be no helper for the wrongdoers.[72] Certainly
they are unbelievers who say: “Allah is one of three in a
Trinity." There is no god except One Allah. If they do not stop
saying what they say, a painful punishment will befall the
disbelievers among them.[73] Will they not then turn to Allah
and seek His forgiveness? Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.[74]
5:[72-74] |
Those
who say Jesus is God are disbelievers |
Christ, the son of Maryam, was no more than a
Rasool; many Rasools had already passed away before him. His
mother was a truthful woman; they both ate earthly food like
other human beings. See how the Revelations are made clear
to them to know the reality; yet see how they ignore the
truth![75] Ask them: “Would you worship besides Allah someone
who can neither harm nor benefit you? While Allah is He who
hears all and knows all."[76] Tell them: “O people of the Book!
Do not transgress the bounds of truth in your religion, and do
not yield to the fancies of those people who went astray before
you, They misled many others and have themselves strayed away
from The Right Way.[77]
5:[75-77] |
Who
was Jesus, son of Mary? |
SECTION: 11
Those who disbelieved from among the Children of Israel were
cursed by the tongue of Dawőőd (David) and Isa (Jesus)
the son of Maryam (Mary): because they disobeyed and
committed excesses.[78] They would not forbid one another from
committing iniquities; evil indeed were their deeds.[79] As you
can see many of them are taking the side of the unbelievers.
Evil is that, which their souls have sent forth for them for
the Hereafter. Because they have incurred the wrath of
Allah, so in punishment, they are going to live forever.[80] Had
they believed in Allah, in the Prophet, and in what was revealed
to him, they would have never taken unbelievers as their
protecting friends instead of believers, but most of them
are rebellious transgressors.[81] You will find the most violent
in enmity to the believers are the Jews and the mushrikďn (pagan
Arabs); and nearest in affection to the believers are those
who say: “We are Christians." That is because among them there
are men that are priests and monks, who do not behave
arrogantly.[82]
5:[78-82] |
Disbelievers among the Children of Israel were cursed by the
tongues of David and Jesus
Christians are closer to the Muslims than the Jews and Pagans
|
When they (monks and priests) listen
to that which is revealed to the Rasool, you can see their eyes
filled with tears, because they recognize the truth. They say:
“Our Rabb! We believe, therefore, write us down among the
witnesses of truth.[83] Why should not we believe in Allah and
the truth which has come to us? Why should we not hope that our
Rabb will admit us to the company of the righteous?”[84] And for
their prayer Allah has rewarded them with gardens beneath which
rivers flow to live therein forever. Such is the recompense of
the righteous (who do good to others).[85] As for those
who reject and deny Our revelations, they shall become the
inmates of hellfire.[86]
5: [83-86] |
Good
Christians recognize the truth and accept Islam |
SECTION: 12
O believers! Do not make unlawful those wholesome things which
Allah has made lawful for you. Do not transgress; Allah does not
love the transgressors.[87] Eat of the lawful and wholesome
things which Allah has provided for you. Fear Allah, in Whom you
believe.[88] Allah will not call you to account for what is
inadvertent in your oaths. But He will hold you accountable for
that which you solemnly swear. The penalty for a broken oath is
to feed ten indigent persons with such food as you normally
provide to your own family, or to clothe ten needy people, or to
free one slave. The one who cannot afford any of these must fast
three days. This is the expiation for breaking your oaths.
Therefore, be mindful of your oaths. Thus Allah makes clear to
you His revelations that you may be thankful.[89]
5:[87-89] |
Do not make Halăl things Harăm on your own
Kaffarah (penalty) for breaking the oath |
O believers! Intoxicants and gambling (games
of chance), dedication to stones (paying tribute to idols)
and division by arrows (lottery) are the filthy works of
Shaităn. Get away from them, so that you may prosper.[90]
Shaităn desires to stir up enmity and hatred between you with
intoxicants and gambling and to prevent you from the remembrance
of Allah and from Salah (prayers). Will you not
abstain?[91] Obey Allah and obey the Rasool and abstain from
these things. If you do not, then you should know that Our
Rasool’s duty is only to pass on My message clearly.[92] There
is no blame on those who believe and do good deeds for what they
ate in the past, provided they abstain from those things which
have been made unlawful, then remain steadfast in their belief
and do righteous deeds, then abstain themselves from whatever
they are forbidden and believe in Divine Law, and then
fear Allah and do good deeds. For Allah loves those who do good
deeds.[93]
5: [90-93] |
The
prohibition of intoxicants (liquor and drugs) and gambling
Rasool's duty is only to pass on the Message of Allah
|
SECTION: 13
O believers! Allah will put you to trial by making game (that
which is to be hunted) well within the reach of your hands
and your spears in order to see who fears Him, though unseen.
There shall, therefore, be a painful punishment for those who
transgress after this warning.[94] O believers! Do not kill game
while you are in Ihrăm (pilgrim garb). If anyone kills
game intentionally, he will have to pay a penalty through an
offering brought to the Ka’bah of a domestic animal equivalent
to the one which was killed as determined by two just men among
you; or as an expiation, either feed a few indigent or fast
their equivalent days, so that he may taste the evil
consequences of what he did. Allah has forgiven what happened in
the past; but if anyone repeats it now, Allah will inflict
retribution on him. Allah is Mighty, Capable of Retribution.[95]
Game of the sea and its use as food is lawful for you and the
seafarers, but the game of the land is forbidden as long as you
are in Ihrăm (pilgrim garb). Have fear of Allah to whom
you shall all be assembled.[96]
5: [94-96] |
Prohibition of hunting during Hajj Ihrăm (wearing pilgrim garb)
Kaffarah (penalty) for hunting during Hajj Ihrăm |
Allah has made the Ka‘bah of the Sacred House
an eternal value for mankind, and so are the Sacred Months, the
animal offerings, and the animals which are collared as a mark
of dedication; so you must know that Allah has knowledge of what
is in the heavens and in the earth and that Allah is well aware
of everything.[97] You should also know that Allah is stern in
Retribution, and that Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.[98] The only
duty of the Rasool is to pass on My Message. Allah knows all
what you reveal and what you conceal.[99] Tell them, “Bad and
good are not equal, even though the abundance of the bad may
dazzle you; so fear Allah, O people of understanding, that you
may prosper!” [100]
5:[97-100] |
Allah
has made Ka'bah in Makkah, an eternal value for mankind
|
SECTION: 14
O believers! Do not ask questions about things that if revealed
to you, may cause you trouble. But if you ask a question about
something when the Qur’an is being revealed, it will be made
known to you. Allah has forgiven you what you did to date, Allah
is Forgiving, Forbearing.[101] Some people before you did ask
such questions and later lost their faith because of those very
things.[102] Allah did not institute superstitions like those
of a slit-ear she-camel or a she-camel let loose for free
pasture or idol sacrifices for twin-births in animals or
stallion-camels freed from work; this lie is invented by the
unbelievers against Allah, and most of them lack
understanding.[103] When it is said to them: “Come to what Allah
has revealed and come to the Rasool.” They reply: “Sufficient
for us are the ways on which we found our forefathers." What!
Even though their forefathers knew nothing and were not rightly
guided?[104]
5:[101-104] |
Do not ask questions like the nation of Musa (Moses)
Superstitions are prohibited in Islam |
O believers! You are accountable for none but
for yourselves; anyone who has gone astray cannot harm you if
you are on the Right Way. To Allah you shall all return and He
will let you know the truth of all that you did.[105] O
believers! When death approaches any one of you, let two just
men from among yourselves act as witnesses at the time of making
your last will; or from the non-Muslims if you are travelling
through the land and the calamity of death overtakes you. If you
doubt their honesty, detain them after prayer and let them both
swear by Allah: “We will not sell our testimony for any price,
even to a relative, and we will not hide the testimony which we
will be giving for the sake of Allah; for we shall be sinners if
we do so."[106] Then, if it becomes known that those two were
guilty of the sin of perjury, then let two others better
qualified witnesses from among those who were deprived of their
right come forward and testify upon oath, “By Allah, our
testimony is truer than theirs. We have not transgressed in our
testimony; for we should be wrongdoers if we did so."[107] By
this procedure, it is more likely that they will bear true
witness or at least fear that their oaths could be contradicted
by subsequent oaths. Have fear of Allah and listen; Allah does
not guide to those who are disobedient transgressors. [108]
5: [105-108] |
Last
will and testament, and the required testimony of witnesses
|
SECTION: 15
On the Day of Resurrection when Allah gathers the Rasools and
asks: “What response were you given from your addressees?" They
will say: “We have no knowledge, only You have all the knowledge
of the unseen."[109] Then Allah will ask: “O Isa (Jesus)
son of Maryam (Mary)! Recall my favor upon you and to
your mother, how I strengthened you with the Holy Spirit, so you
could speak to the people in cradle and in old age, how I taught
you the Book, Wisdom, the Taurăt (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel).
How you were able to make the figure of a bird out of a clay, by
My permission, how you breathed into it and changed it into a
real bird, by My permission. How you could heal the born-blind
and the lepers by My permission. How you could bring the dead
body back to life by My permission. How I protected you from the
violence of the Children of Israel when you came to them with
clear signs and the unbelievers among them said: “This is
nothing but a clear sorcery."[110] Remember, when I inspired the
disciples to have faith in Me and My Rasool and they said: ‘We
believe and bear witness that we have become Muslims."[111] How
when the disciples asked: “O Isa, son of Maryam! Can your Rabb
send down to us from heaven a table spread with food?” And you
said: “Have fear of Allah if you are true believers."[112] They
said: “We only wish to eat thereof to satisfy our hearts and to
know that you have indeed told us the truth, and that we bear
witness to it."[113] Isa, son of Maryam said: “O Allah, our Rabb!
Send us from heaven a table spread with food that it may mark a
feast, one of a kind for those before us and for those after us,
as a sign from You; and provide us our sustenance, You are the
best Sustainer."[114] Allah responded: “I shall send it down to
you, but if any of you disbelieve after that, I shall punish him
with a torment which I have never inflicted on anyone in the
worlds."[115]
5:[109-115] |
Favors of Allah upon Jesus and the miracles he was given
The disciples of Jesus asked for a Table Spread of food as a
miracle |
SECTION: 16
After reminding him of these favors, Allah will say: “O
Isa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary), Did you ever
say to the people, “worship me and my mother as gods beside
Allah?" He will answer: “Glory to You! How could I say what I
had no right to say? If I had ever said so, you would have
certainly known it. You know what is in my heart, but I know not
what is in Yours; for You have full knowledge of all the
unseen.[116] I never said anything other than what You commanded
me to say, that is to worship Allah, Who is my Rabb and your
Rabb. I was a witness over them as long as I remained among
them; but when You called me off, You were the Watcher over them
and You are a Witness to everything.[117] If You punish them,
they surely are Your servants; and if You forgive them, You are
Mighty, Wise."[118] Allah will say: “This is the day on which
the truthful will profit from their truth; they shall have
gardens beneath which rivers flow to live therein forever. Allah
is well-pleased with them and they are pleased with Him. This is
the mighty achievement."[119] To Allah belongs the sovereignty
of the heavens and the earth and all that is therein, and He has
power over everything.[120]
5:[116-120] |
Testimony of Jesus on the Day of Judgment about Christians
|
Major Issues, Divine
Law and Guidance:
* Lawful (Halăl) and unlawful (Harăm) in
the matters of food.
* Permission to eat the food of Ahl-al-Kitab (Jews and
Christians).
* Permission to marry women of Ahl-al-Kitab (Jews and
Christians).
* Regulations about bath, wudhu and Tayammüm.
* The fact that Salah and Zakah were also obligatory for Jews
and Christians.
* Invitation to Jews and Christians to become Muslims.
* Those who do not judge by the Laws of Allah are declared to be
unbelievers, wrong doers and transgressors.
* Warning to guard against corruption of power.
* Punishment for rebellion, disturbing the peace and theft.
* Absolute prohibition of drinking and gambling.
* Additional rules for the laws of evidence.
* Miracles of Jesus - and the fact that he did not claim
divinity.
* Testimony of Jesus which he shall give on the Day of
Judgement.
Al-Mă’idah was revealed at the time when
the last effort of the Qureysh to suppress Islam had been
defeated in the Battle of the Ditch, and it had become quite
obvious to the Arabs that no power could suppress the Islamic
movement. Now Islam was not merely a creed which ruled over the
minds and hearts of the people, but had also become a State
which was regulating the lives of people. Therefore, there was a
need to formulate Islamic civil and criminal laws in detail and
enforce them through Islamic courts. New and reformed ways of
trade and commerce were needed to replace the old. Likewise,
Islamic laws of marriage and divorce, segregation of the sexes,
and punishment for adultery, were needed to mold the social life
of Muslims. This Sürah provided the guidelines to the believers
in some of these aspects of their lives so that their social
behavior, conversation, dress, way of life and culture could
take a definite shape of its own.
The treaty of Hudeybiyah was also signed in the same year which
gave the Muslims not only peace in their own territory but also
respite to spread the Message of Islam in the surrounding
territories. The Holy Prophet wrote letters to the rulers of
Iran, Egypt, and Rome and to the Chiefs of Arab tsribes,
inviting them to Islam. At the same time the missionaries of
Islam spread among the clans and tribes and invited them to
accept the Divine Message of Al-Islam.
Now that the Muslims had become a ruling body, it was feared
that power might corrupt them. At this period of great trial,
Allah had admonished them over and over again to stick to
justice and to guard against the wrong behavior of their
predecessors, the People of the Book. Believers are enjoined to
remain steadfast to the Covenant of Obedience to Allah and His
Rasool. They should follow Allah's commands and prohibitions in
order to save themselves from the evil consequences which were
faced by the Jews and the Christians who had violated them. They
have been instructed to avoid hypocrisy. In continuation of the
instructions given in Sürah An-Nisă' about the consolidation of
the Islamic Community, the Muslims have been directed to observe
and fulfill all their obligations. The Jews and the Christians
are also admonished to give up their wrong attitudes towards the
Right Way and accept the guidance which is being taught by the
Prophet Muhammad ( peace be upon him).
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