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In the name
of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful |
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SECTION: 1
O believers! Do not make friendship with those who are enemies
of Mine and yours. Would you show them friendship, when they
have denied the truth that has come to you and have driven the
Rasool and yourselves out of your homes, simply because
you believe in Allah, your Rabb? If it was indeed to strive in
My way, and to seek My good pleasure that you left your
homes, how can you befriend in secret? I know all that you
conceal, and all that you reveal. Any of you who does this, he
indeed has gone astray from the Right Way.[1] If they overcome
you, they would behave to you as enemies and stretch out their
hands and their tongues towards you with evil, and they wish to
see you become unbelievers.[2] On the Day of Resurrection,
neither your relatives nor your children shall avail you. Allah
will judge between you, and He is observing all your actions.[3]
60:[1-3] |
Do not befriend those who are the enemies of Allah and the
Muslims |
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You have an excellent example in Ibrãhïm (Abraham)
and his companions. They said to their people plainly: “We are
clear of you and your gods, whom you worship besides
Allah. We renounce you. Enmity and hate shall reign between us
forever until you believe in Allah, the One and Only God."
But do not emulate what Ibrãhïm said to his father: “I will pray
for your forgiveness, although I have no power to get anything
for you from Allah." Their collective prayer was: “Our
Rabb! In You we have put our trust, to You we turn in repentance
and to You is our final goal.[4] Our Rabb! Do not expose us to
the plots of the unbelievers. Forgive us, our Rabb! You are the
All-Mighty, the All-Wise."[5] Truly, in those there is an
excellent example for everyone who puts their hopes in Allah and
the Last Day. He that gives no heed should know that Allah is
free of all wants, worthy of all praise.[6]
60:[4-6] |
Ibrãhïm and his companions are an excellent example for the
believers
Prayer of Ibrãhïm and his companions |
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SECTION: 2
It may well be that Allah will put love between you and those
with whom you are now at odds because of the order which is
given to you, for Allah is All-Powerful, and Allah is
Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.[7] Allah does not forbid you to be
kind and equitable to those who had neither fought against your
faith nor driven you out of your homes. In fact Allah loves the
equitable.[8] Allah only forbids you to make friendship with
those who fought you on account of your faith and drove you out
of your homes and backed up others in your expulsion. Those who
will take them for friends are indeed the wrongdoers.[9]
60:[7-9] |
Exception to the prohibition of friendship with unbelievers who
had neither fought against the believers nor expelled them from
their homes |
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O believers! When the believing women seek
refuge with you, test them. Allah best knows their faith. If you
find them true believers, do not send them back to the
unbelievers. They are not lawful to the unbelievers, nor are the
unbelievers lawful to them. Return to their unbelieving
husbands what they have spent on them. There is no blame on
you if you marry such women, provided you give them their
dowers. Do not hold on to your marriages with unbelieving women.
Demand what you have spent on them and let the unbelievers do
the same. This is the order of Allah which He has decreed
between you. Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.[10] If you do not
get back the demanded amount that you have spent on your
disbelieving wives from the unbelievers, and your turn
comes, to pay the demanded amount of Muslim wives to the
unbelievers, you can offset the amount and pay those whose
wives have fled the equivalent of the amount they have spent on
their disbelieving wives. Fear Allah, in Whom you believe.[11]
60:[10-11] |
As
for women that become believers, test their Imãn, and if you
find them truthful do not return them to their unbelieving
husbands |
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O Prophet! When the believing women come to
you to take the oath of allegiance , take their pledge:
that they will not commit shirk with Allah, that they will not
steal, that they will not commit adultery, that they will not
kill their children, that they will not give any cause for
scandal which they may invent between either their hands or legs
(a woman accusing another woman of having an illicit
relationship with a man and spreads such stories - or - a woman
carrying an illegitimate child and makes her husband believe
that it is his), and that they will not disobey you in any
just matter, then accept their allegiance and pray to Allah for
forgiveness. Surely Allah is Oft-Forgiving, most Merciful.[12]
60:[12] |
Women's Bai‘ah (oath of allegiance) |
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O believers! Do not befriend those who have
incurred the wrath of Allah. Indeed they despair of the
Hereafter, just as the unbelievers despair of those buried in
the graves.[13]
60:[13] |
Do
not befriend any with whom Allah is angry |
Major Issues, Divine
Law and Guidance:
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* Do not befriend those who are the
enemies of Allah and the Muslims.
* The Prophet Ibrãhïm (pbuh) and his companions are an excellent
example for the believers.
* Exception to the prohibition of friendship with unbelievers is
made for those who had neither fought against the believers nor
expelled them from their homes.
* For women that become believers, test their Imãn, and if you
find them truthful do not return them to their unbelieving
husbands.
* Women’s Bai‘ah (oath of allegiance) in Islam is based on their
commitment that they will not commit shirk, they will not steal,
they will not commit adultery, they will not kill their
children, they will not give any cause for scandal and that they
will not disobey the Prophet.
* The detail of three issues on which this Sürah provided
guidance:
- A strong exception is taken to the act of Sayyidunã Hãtib
bin Abi Balta‘a who, a little before the conquest of Makkah,
had sent a secret letter to the Qureysh chiefs informing them
of the Prophet’s intention to attack them. He had tried to
inform the enemy of a very important war secret of the Prophet
(upon whom be Allah’s peace) only for the sake of safe
guarding his family. This would have caused great bloodshed at
the conquest of Makkah had it not been made ineffective in
time. It would have cost the Muslims many precious lives; many
of the Qureysh would have been killed, many of whom would have
rendered great services to Islam afterward; the gains which
were to accrue from conquering Makkah peacefully would have
been lost. All of these serious losses would have resulted
only because one of the Muslims had wanted to safeguard his
family from the dangers of war. Administering a severe warning
at this blunder Allah has taught the believers the lesson that
no believer should, under any circumstances and for any
motive, have relations of love and friendship with the
disbelievers who are actively hostile to Islam, and a believer
should refrain from everything which might be helpful to them
in the conflict between Islam and disbelief. However, there is
no harm in dealing kindly and justly with those disbelievers
who may not be practically engaged in hostile activities
against Islam and the persecution of the Muslims.
- A very serious social problem is addressed which was
agitating the minds of the Muslims at that time. There were
many Muslim women in Makkah, whose husbands were pagans, but
they were emigrating and reaching Madinah somehow. The second
relates to the Muslim women who had started emigrating from
Makkah to Madinah after the conclusion of the Truce of
Hudeybiyah. The problem arose whether they also were to be
returned to the disbelievers, like the Muslim men, according
to the conditions of the truce. Likewise, there were many
Muslim men in Madinah whose wives were pagans and had been
left behind in Makkah. The question arose whether the marriage
bond between them continued to be valid or not. Allah settled
this problem forever, saying that the pagan husband is not
lawful for the Muslim woman, nor the pagan wife lawful for the
Muslim husband.
- The Holy Prophet (pbuh) has been instructed to ask the
women who accept Islam to pledge that they would refrain from
the major evils that were prevalent among the womenfolk of the
pre-Islamic Arab society, and to promise that they would
henceforth follow the ways of goodness which the Rasool of
Allah may enjoin.
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